makemake planet

Makemake was discovered on March 31, 2005, by a team at the Palomar Observatory, led by Michael E. Brown,<9> and was announced to the public on July 29, 2005. The team had planned to delay announcing their discoveries of the bright objects Makemake and Eris until further observations and calculations were complete, but announced them both on July 29 when the discovery of another large object they had been tracking, Haumea, was controversially announced on July 27 by a different team in Spain.<30>

The earliest known precovery observations of Makemake have been found in photographic plates of the Palomar Observatory's Digitized Sky Survey from January 29, 1955 to May 1, 1998.<31>

Despite its relative brightness (a fifth as bright as Pluto), Makemake was not discovered until after many much fainter Kuiper belt objects. Most searches for minor planets are conducted relatively close to the ecliptic (the region of the sky that the Sun, Moon and planets appear to lie in, as seen from Earth), due to the greater likelihood of finding objects there. It probably escaped detection during the earlier surveys due to its relatively high orbital inclination, and the fact that it was at its farthest distance from the ecliptic at the time of its discovery, in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices.<19>

Makemake is the brightest trans-Neptunian object after Pluto,<33> with an apparent magnitude of 16.2 in late 1930,<34> it is theoretically bright enough to have been discovered by Clyde Tombaugh, whose search for trans-Neptunian objects was sensitive to objects up to magnitude 17. Indeed, in 1934 Tombaugh reported that there were no other planets out to a magnitude of 16.5 and an inclination of 17 degrees, or of greater inclination but within 50 degrees of either node.<35> And Makemake was there: At the time of Tombaugh's survey (1930–1943), Makemake varied from 5.5 to 13.2 degrees from the ecliptic,<34> moving across Auriga, starting near the northwest corner of Taurus and cutting across a corner of Gemini. The starting position, however, was very close to the galactic anticenter, and Makemake would have been almost impossible to find against the dense background of stars.<dubious–discuss> Tombaugh continued searching for thirteen years after his discovery of Pluto (and Makemake, though growing dimmer, was still magnitude 16.6 in early 1943, 

• the last year of his search),<34> but by then he was searching higher latitudes and did not find any more objects orbiting beyond Neptune.<36>fdsfsd
  Orbit and classification<edit>  dsf fjlfsafd

Orbits of Makemake (blue), Haumea (green), contrasted with the orbit of Pluto (red) and the ecliptic (grey). The perihelia (q) and the aphelia (Q) are marked with the dates of passage. The positions in April 2006 are marked with the spheres illustrating relative sizes and differences in albedo and colour.

Makemake's orbit outside of Neptune is similar to Haumea's. The positions are as of 1 January 2018.

As of April 2019, Makemake was 52.5 AU (7.85 billion km) from the Sun,<18><19> almost as far from the Sun as it ever reaches on its orbit.<21> Makemake follows an orbit very similar to that of Haumea: highly inclined at 29° and a moderate eccentricity of about 0.16.<42> But still, Makemake's orbit is slightly farther from the Sun in terms of both the semi-major axis and perihelion. Its orbital period is 306 years,<9> more than Pluto's 248 years and Haumea's 283 years. Both Makemake and Haumea are currently far from the ecliptic (at an angular distance of almost 29°). Makemake will reach its aphelion in 2033,<19> whereas Haumea passed its aphelion in early 1992.<43>

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Makemake is a classical Kuiper belt object (KBO),<1> which means its orbit lies far enough from Neptune to remain stable over the age of the Solar System.<44><45> Unlike plutinos, which can cross Neptune's orbit due to their 2:3 resonance with the planet, the classical objects have perihelia further from the Sun, free from Neptune's perturbation.<44> Such objects have relatively low ecce

ntricities (e below 0.2) and orbit the Sun in much the same way the planets do. Makemake, however, is a member of the "dynamically hot" class of classical KBOs, meaning that it has a high inclination compared to others in its population.<46> Makemake is, probably coincidentally, near the 13:7 resonance with Neptune.<47>

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Physical characteristics<edit>

Brightness, size, and rotation<edit>

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Makemake (apparent magnitude 16.9) with edge-on galaxy IC 3587

Makemake is currently visually the second-brightest Kuiper belt object after Pluto,<33> having a March opposition apparent magnitude of 17.0<18> it will pass from its present constellation Coma Berenices to Boötes in December 2027.<19> It is bright enough to be visible using a high-end amateur telescope.

Combining the detection in infrared by the Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Telescope with the similarities of spectrum with Pluto yielded an estimated diameter from 1,360 to 1,480 km.<24> From the 2011 stellar occultation by Makemake, its dimensions had initially been measured at (1,502 ± 45) × (1,430 ± 9) km. However, the occultation data was later reanalyzed,<10> leading to an estimate of (1434+48
−18) × (1420+18
−24 km) without a pole-orientation constraint.<10> Makemake was the fourth dwarf planet recognized, bec

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